300 years of sclerosponge thermometry shows global warming has exceeded 1.5 °C

Malcolm T. McCulloch (), Amos Winter, Clark E. Sherman and Julie A. Trotter
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Malcolm T. McCulloch: The University of Western Australia
Amos Winter: Indiana State University
Clark E. Sherman: University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez
Julie A. Trotter: The University of Western Australia

Nature Climate Change, 2024, vol. 14, issue 2, 171-177

Abstract: Abstract Anthropogenic emissions drive global-scale warming yet the temperature increase relative to pre-industrial levels is uncertain. Using 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature records preserved in sclerosponge carbonate skeletons, we demonstrate that industrial-era warming began in the mid-1860s, more than 80 years earlier than instrumental sea surface temperature records. The Sr/Ca palaeothermometer was calibrated against ‘modern’ (post-1963) highly correlated (R2 = 0.91) instrumental records of global sea surface temperatures, with the pre-industrial defined by nearly constant (

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01919-7

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