Decadal increases in carbon uptake offset by respiratory losses across northern permafrost ecosystems

Craig R. See (), Anna-Maria Virkkala, Susan M. Natali, Brendan M. Rogers, Marguerite Mauritz, Christina Biasi, Stef Bokhorst, Julia Boike, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Gerardo Celis, Namyi Chae, Torben R. Christensen, Sara June Murner (Connon), Sigrid Dengel, Han Dolman, Colin W. Edgar, Bo Elberling, Craig A. Emmerton, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Mathias Göckede, Achim Grelle, Liam Heffernan, Manuel Helbig, David Holl, Elyn Humphreys, Hiroki Iwata, Järvi Järveoja, Hideki Kobayashi, John Kochendorfer, Pasi Kolari, Ayumi Kotani, Lars Kutzbach, Min Jung Kwon, Emma R. Lathrop, Efrén López-Blanco, Ivan Mammarella, Maija E. Marushchak, Mikhail Mastepanov, Yojiro Matsuura, Lutz Merbold, Gesa Meyer, Christina Minions, Mats B. Nilsson, Julia Nojeim, Steven F. Oberbauer, David Olefeldt, Sang-Jong Park, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Matthias Peichl, Darcy Peter, Roman Petrov, Rafael Poyatos, Anatoly S. Prokushkin, William Quinton, Heidi Rodenhizer, Torsten Sachs, Kathleen Savage, Christopher Schulze, Sofie Sjögersten, Oliver Sonnentag, Vincent L. Louis, Margaret S. Torn, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Masahito Ueyama, Andrej Varlagin, Carolina Voigt, Jennifer D. Watts, Donatella Zona, Viacheslav I. Zyryanov and Edward A. G. Schuur
Additional contact information
Craig R. See: Northern Arizona University
Anna-Maria Virkkala: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Susan M. Natali: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Brendan M. Rogers: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Marguerite Mauritz: University of Texas El Paso
Christina Biasi: University of Innsbruck
Stef Bokhorst: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Julia Boike: Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
M. Syndonia Bret-Harte: University of Alaska Fairbanks
Gerardo Celis: University of Arkansas
Namyi Chae: Korea University
Torben R. Christensen: Aarhus University
Sara June Murner (Connon): Green Seal Environmental LLC
Sigrid Dengel: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Han Dolman: Royal Netherlands Institute for sea Research
Colin W. Edgar: University of Alaska Fairbanks
Bo Elberling: University of Copenhagen
Craig A. Emmerton: University of Alberta
Eugénie S. Euskirchen: University of Alaska Fairbanks
Mathias Göckede: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Achim Grelle: Linnaeus University
Liam Heffernan: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Manuel Helbig: Dalhousie University
David Holl: Universität Hamburg
Elyn Humphreys: Carleton University
Hiroki Iwata: Shinshu University
Järvi Järveoja: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Hideki Kobayashi: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
John Kochendorfer: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Pasi Kolari: University of Helsinki
Ayumi Kotani: Nagoya University
Lars Kutzbach: Universität Hamburg
Min Jung Kwon: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
Emma R. Lathrop: Northern Arizona University
Efrén López-Blanco: Aarhus University
Ivan Mammarella: University of Helsinki
Maija E. Marushchak: University of Eastern Finland
Mikhail Mastepanov: Aarhus University
Yojiro Matsuura: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Lutz Merbold: Agroscope
Gesa Meyer: Université de Montréal
Christina Minions: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Mats B. Nilsson: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Julia Nojeim: Yale Center for Business and the Environment
Steven F. Oberbauer: Florida International University
David Olefeldt: University of Alberta
Sang-Jong Park: Korea Polar Research Institute
Frans-Jan W. Parmentier: University of Oslo
Matthias Peichl: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Darcy Peter: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Roman Petrov: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Rafael Poyatos: CREAF
Anatoly S. Prokushkin: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
William Quinton: Wilfrid Laurier University
Heidi Rodenhizer: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Torsten Sachs: GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience
Kathleen Savage: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Christopher Schulze: Université de Montréal
Sofie Sjögersten: University of Nottingham
Oliver Sonnentag: Université de Montréal
Vincent L. Louis: University of Alberta
Margaret S. Torn: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Eeva-Stiina Tuittila: University of Eastern Finland
Masahito Ueyama: Osaka Metropolitan University
Andrej Varlagin: Russian Academy of Sciences
Carolina Voigt: University of Eastern Finland
Jennifer D. Watts: Woodwell Climate Research Center
Donatella Zona: San Diego State University
Viacheslav I. Zyryanov: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Edward A. G. Schuur: Northern Arizona University

Nature Climate Change, 2024, vol. 14, issue 8, 853-862

Abstract: Abstract Tundra and boreal ecosystems encompass the northern circumpolar permafrost region and are experiencing rapid environmental change with important implications for the global carbon (C) budget. We analysed multi-decadal time series containing 302 annual estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) flux across 70 permafrost and non-permafrost ecosystems, and 672 estimates of summer CO2 flux across 181 ecosystems. We find an increase in the annual CO2 sink across non-permafrost ecosystems but not permafrost ecosystems, despite similar increases in summer uptake. Thus, recent non-growing-season CO2 losses have substantially impacted the CO2 balance of permafrost ecosystems. Furthermore, analysis of interannual variability reveals warmer summers amplify the C cycle (increase productivity and respiration) at putatively nitrogen-limited sites and at sites less reliant on summer precipitation for water use. Our findings suggest that water and nutrient availability will be important predictors of the C-cycle response of these ecosystems to future warming.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-024-02057-4

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