Diverging responses of terrestrial ecosystems to water stress after disturbances

Meng Liu (), Josep Peñuelas, Anna T. Trugman, German Vargas G, Linqing Yang and William R. L. Anderegg
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Meng Liu: University of Utah
Josep Peñuelas: Cerdanyola del Vallès
Anna T. Trugman: University of California Santa Barbara
German Vargas G: University of Utah
Linqing Yang: University of Utah
William R. L. Anderegg: University of Utah

Nature Climate Change, 2025, vol. 15, issue 1, 73-79

Abstract: Abstract Terrestrial ecosystems are major carbon (C) pools, sequestering ~20% of anthropogenic C emissions. However, increasing frequency and intensity of climate-sensitive disturbances (for example, drought and wildfire) threaten long-term C uptake. Although direct effects of disturbances are well-documented, indirect effects remain unknown. Here we quantify changes in the sensitivity of terrestrial gross primary production to water stress before and after severe droughts and fires. We find divergent changes across the globe, where dry regions have increased sensitivity, while wet regions have decreased sensitivity. Water availability, solar radiation, nutrient availability and biodiversity are the main drivers mediating these changes. Sensitivity takes ~4–5 years to recover after disturbances, but the increasing frequency of disturbances threatens this recovery. Our results reveal strong cross-system discrepancies in ecosystem responses to disturbances, highlighting the vulnerability of dryland ecosystems in future climates.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-024-02191-z

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