Ocean extremes as a stress test for marine ecosystems and society

Kathryn E. Smith (), Alex Sen Gupta, Michael T. Burrows, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Alistair J. Hobday, Neil J. Holbrook, Neil Malan, Pippa J. Moore, Eric C. J. Oliver, Mads S. Thomsen, Thomas Wernberg, Zijie Zhao and Dan A. Smale
Additional contact information
Kathryn E. Smith: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
Alex Sen Gupta: University of New South Wales
Michael T. Burrows: Scottish Association for Marine Science
Karen Filbee-Dexter: University of Western Australia
Alistair J. Hobday: CSIRO Environment
Neil J. Holbrook: University of Tasmania
Neil Malan: University of New South Wales
Pippa J. Moore: Newcastle University
Eric C. J. Oliver: Dalhousie University
Mads S. Thomsen: University of Western Australia
Thomas Wernberg: University of Western Australia
Zijie Zhao: University of Tasmania
Dan A. Smale: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

Nature Climate Change, 2025, vol. 15, issue 3, 231-235

Abstract: In 2023–2024, widespread marine heatwaves associated with record ocean temperatures impacted ocean processes, marine species, ecosystems and coastal communities, with economic consequences. Despite warnings, interventions were limited. Proactive strategies are needed for inevitable future events.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02269-2

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