Challenges in quantifying Pliocene terrestrial warming revealed by data–model discord

Ulrich Salzmann (), Aisling M. Dolan, Alan M. Haywood, Wing-Le Chan, Jochen Voss, Daniel J. Hill, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Frances J. Bragg, Mark A. Chandler, Camille Contoux, Harry J. Dowsett, Anne Jost, Youichi Kamae, Gerrit Lohmann, Daniel J. Lunt, Steven J. Pickering, Matthew J. Pound, Gilles Ramstein, Nan A. Rosenbloom, Linda Sohl, Christian Stepanek, Hiroaki Ueda and Zhongshi Zhang
Additional contact information
Ulrich Salzmann: Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University
Aisling M. Dolan: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds
Alan M. Haywood: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds
Wing-Le Chan: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Jochen Voss: School of Mathematics, University of Leeds
Daniel J. Hill: British Geological Survey, Keyworth
Ayako Abe-Ouchi: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Bette Otto-Bliesner: National Center for Atmospheric Research
Frances J. Bragg: School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol
Mark A. Chandler: Columbia University—NASA/GISS
Camille Contoux: LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ
Harry J. Dowsett: Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center, US Geological Survey
Anne Jost: Sisyphe, CNRS/UPMC Univ Paris 06
Youichi Kamae: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Gerrit Lohmann: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Daniel J. Lunt: School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol
Steven J. Pickering: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds
Matthew J. Pound: Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University
Gilles Ramstein: LSCE/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ
Nan A. Rosenbloom: National Center for Atmospheric Research
Linda Sohl: Columbia University—NASA/GISS
Christian Stepanek: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Hiroaki Ueda: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Zhongshi Zhang: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Climate Change, 2013, vol. 3, issue 11, 969-974

Abstract: A global data set of proxy-based temperature estimates and biome reconstructions is used to assess the ability of eight climate models to simulate the warm environments of the Pliocene. Model results show a substantial cold bias in the Northern Hemisphere. Sensitivity tests identify temporal variability, the temperature difference over the proxy time range, as an important factor in model–data discrepancies, indicating that future comparisons should focus on time slices with the same orbital forcing

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2008

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