Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget not detectable over the past decade

W. Llovel (), J. K. Willis, F. W. Landerer and I. Fukumori
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W. Llovel: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
J. K. Willis: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
F. W. Landerer: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
I. Fukumori: Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Nature Climate Change, 2014, vol. 4, issue 11, 1031-1035

Abstract: Abstract As the dominant reservoir of heat uptake in the climate system, the world’s oceans provide a critical measure of global climate change. Here, we infer deep-ocean warming in the context of global sea-level rise and Earth’s energy budget between January 2005 and December 2013. Direct measurements of ocean warming above 2,000 m depth explain about 32% of the observed annual rate of global mean sea-level rise. Over the entire water column, independent estimates of ocean warming yield a contribution of 0.77 ± 0.28 mm yr−1 in sea-level rise and agree with the upper-ocean estimate to within the estimated uncertainties. Accounting for additional possible systematic uncertainties, the deep ocean (below 2,000 m) contributes −0.13 ± 0.72 mm yr−1 to global sea-level rise and −0.08 ± 0.43 W m−2 to Earth’s energy balance. The net warming of the ocean implies an energy imbalance for the Earth of 0.64 ± 0.44 W m−2 from 2005 to 2013.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2387

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