Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array

Stephen C. Riser, Howard J. Freeland (), Dean Roemmich, Susan Wijffels, Ariel Troisi, Mathieu Belbéoch, Denis Gilbert, Jianping Xu, Sylvie Pouliquen, Ann Thresher, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Guillaume Maze, Birgit Klein, M. Ravichandran, Fiona Grant, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Toshio Suga, Byunghwan Lim, Andreas Sterl, Philip Sutton, Kjell-Arne Mork, Pedro Joaquín Vélez-Belchí, Isabelle Ansorge, Brian King, Jon Turton, Molly Baringer and Steven R. Jayne
Additional contact information
Stephen C. Riser: University of Washington
Howard J. Freeland: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences
Dean Roemmich: Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Susan Wijffels: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO
Ariel Troisi: Servicio de Hidrografia Naval
Mathieu Belbéoch: Joint Commission on Oceanography and Marine Meteorology Operations (JCOMMOPS)
Denis Gilbert: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne
Jianping Xu: The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA
Sylvie Pouliquen: IFREMER, BP70
Ann Thresher: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO
Pierre-Yves Le Traon: Ifremer & Mercator Océan
Guillaume Maze: IFREMER, BP70
Birgit Klein: Bundesamt fuer Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie
M. Ravichandran: Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services
Fiona Grant: International Programmes, Marine Institute
Pierre-Marie Poulain: OGS, Borgo Grotta Gigante
Toshio Suga: JAMSTEC and Tohoku University
Byunghwan Lim: National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/KMA
Andreas Sterl: KNMI
Philip Sutton: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Reseach
Kjell-Arne Mork: Institute of Marine Research
Pedro Joaquín Vélez-Belchí: Instituto Español de Oceanografía
Isabelle Ansorge: Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town
Brian King: National Oceanography Centre
Jon Turton: Met Office
Molly Baringer: AOML/NOAA
Steven R. Jayne: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Nature Climate Change, 2016, vol. 6, issue 2, 145-153

Abstract: Abstract More than 90% of the heat energy accumulation in the climate system between 1971 and the present has been in the ocean. Thus, the ocean plays a crucial role in determining the climate of the planet. Observing the oceans is problematic even under the most favourable of conditions. Historically, shipboard ocean sampling has left vast expanses, particularly in the Southern Ocean, unobserved for long periods of time. Within the past 15 years, with the advent of the global Argo array of profiling floats, it has become possible to sample the upper 2,000 m of the ocean globally and uniformly in space and time. The primary goal of Argo is to create a systematic global network of profiling floats that can be integrated with other elements of the Global Ocean Observing System. The network provides freely available temperature and salinity data from the upper 2,000 m of the ocean with global coverage. The data are available within 24 hours of collection for use in a broad range of applications that focus on examining climate-relevant variability on seasonal to decadal timescales, multidecadal climate change, improved initialization of coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models and constraining ocean analysis and forecasting systems.

Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2872

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