Organic matter from Arctic sea-ice loss alters bacterial community structure and function

Graham J. C. Underwood (), Christine Michel, Guillaume Meisterhans, Andrea Niemi, Claude Belzile, Matthias Witt, Alex J. Dumbrell and Boris P. Koch
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Graham J. C. Underwood: University of Essex
Christine Michel: Freshwater Institute
Guillaume Meisterhans: Freshwater Institute
Andrea Niemi: Freshwater Institute
Claude Belzile: Université du Québec à Rimouski
Matthias Witt: Bruker Daltonik GmbH
Alex J. Dumbrell: University of Essex
Boris P. Koch: Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Nature Climate Change, 2019, vol. 9, issue 2, 170-176

Abstract: Abstract Continuing losses of multi-year sea ice (MYI) across the Arctic are causing first-year sea ice (FYI) to dominate the Arctic ice pack. Melting FYI provides a strong seasonal pulse of dissolved organic matter (DOM) into surface waters; however, the biological impact of this DOM input is unknown. Here we show that DOM additions cause important and contrasting changes in under-ice bacterioplankton abundance, production and species composition. Utilization of DOM was influenced by molecular size, with 10–100 kDa and >100 kDa DOM fractions promoting rapid growth of particular taxa, while uptake of sulfur and nitrogen-rich low molecular weight organic compounds shifted bacterial community composition. These results demonstrate the ecological impacts of DOM released from melting FYI, with wide-ranging consequences for the cycling of organic matter across regions of the Arctic Ocean transitioning from multi-year to seasonal sea ice as the climate continues to warm.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-018-0391-7

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