Highly modified and immunoactive N-glycans of the canine heartworm

Francesca Martini, Barbara Eckmair, Saša Štefanić, Chunsheng Jin, Monika Garg, Shi Yan, Carmen Jiménez-Castells, Alba Hykollari, Christine Neupert, Luigi Venco, Daniel Varón Silva, Iain B. H. Wilson () and Katharina Paschinger
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Francesca Martini: ETH Zürich
Barbara Eckmair: Universität für Bodenkultur
Saša Štefanić: Universität Zürich
Chunsheng Jin: Göteborgs Universitet
Monika Garg: Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Biomolekulare Systeme
Shi Yan: Universität für Bodenkultur
Carmen Jiménez-Castells: Universität für Bodenkultur
Alba Hykollari: Universität für Bodenkultur
Christine Neupert: Malcisbo AG
Luigi Venco: Clinica Veterinaria Lago Maggiore
Daniel Varón Silva: Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Biomolekulare Systeme
Iain B. H. Wilson: Universität für Bodenkultur
Katharina Paschinger: Universität für Bodenkultur

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract The canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a mosquito-borne parasitic nematode whose range is extending due to climate change. In a four-dimensional analysis involving HPLC, MALDI-TOF–MS and MS/MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic digestions, we here reveal an N-glycome of unprecedented complexity. We detect N-glycans of up to 7000 Da, which contain long fucosylated HexNAc-based repeats, as well as glucuronylated structures. While some modifications including LacdiNAc, chitobiose, α1,3-fucose and phosphorylcholine are familiar, anionic N-glycans have previously not been reported in nematodes. Glycan array data show that the neutral glycans are preferentially recognised by IgM in dog sera or by mannose binding lectin when antennal fucose and phosphorylcholine residues are removed; this pattern of reactivity is reversed for mammalian C-reactive protein, which can in turn be bound by the complement component C1q. Thereby, the N-glycans of D. immitis contain features which may either mediate immunomodulation of the host or confer the ability to avoid immune surveillance.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07948-7

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