A tRNA half modulates translation as stress response in Trypanosoma brucei

Roger Fricker, Rebecca Brogli, Hannes Luidalepp, Leander Wyss, Michel Fasnacht, Oliver Joss, Marek Zywicki, Mark Helm, André Schneider, Marina Cristodero () and Norbert Polacek ()
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Roger Fricker: University of Bern
Rebecca Brogli: University of Bern
Hannes Luidalepp: University of Bern
Leander Wyss: University of Bern
Michel Fasnacht: University of Bern
Oliver Joss: University of Bern
Marek Zywicki: Adam Mickiewicz University
Mark Helm: Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz
André Schneider: University of Bern
Marina Cristodero: University of Bern
Norbert Polacek: University of Bern

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract In the absence of extensive transcription control mechanisms the pathogenic parasite Trypanosoma brucei crucially depends on translation regulation to orchestrate gene expression. However, molecular insight into regulating protein biosynthesis is sparse. Here we analyze the small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interactome of ribosomes in T. brucei during different growth conditions and life stages. Ribosome-associated ncRNAs have recently been recognized as unprecedented regulators of ribosome functions. Our data show that the tRNAThr 3´half is produced during nutrient deprivation and becomes one of the most abundant tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tdRs). tRNAThr halves associate with ribosomes and polysomes and stimulate translation by facilitating mRNA loading during stress recovery once starvation conditions ceased. Blocking or depleting the endogenous tRNAThr halves mitigates this stimulatory effect both in vivo and in vitro. T. brucei and its close relatives lack the well-described mammalian enzymes for tRNA half processing, thus hinting at a unique tdR biogenesis in these parasites.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07949-6

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