Few layer 2D pnictogens catalyze the alkylation of soft nucleophiles with esters

Vicent Lloret, Miguel Ángel Rivero-Crespo, José Alejandro Vidal-Moya, Stefan Wild, Antonio Doménech-Carbó, Bettina S. J. Heller, Sunghwan Shin, Hans-Peter Steinrück, Florian Maier, Frank Hauke, Maria Varela, Andreas Hirsch, Antonio Leyva-Pérez () and Gonzalo Abellán ()
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Vicent Lloret: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Miguel Ángel Rivero-Crespo: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
José Alejandro Vidal-Moya: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Stefan Wild: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Antonio Doménech-Carbó: Universidad de Valencia
Bettina S. J. Heller: Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Sunghwan Shin: Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Hans-Peter Steinrück: Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Florian Maier: Chair of Physical Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Frank Hauke: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Maria Varela: Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado
Andreas Hirsch: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Antonio Leyva-Pérez: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Gonzalo Abellán: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state (P, As, Sb and Bi), also called pnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties associated in preparing well–structured and stable materials. Here, we report on the synthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zero oxidation state, suspended in an ionic liquid, with the native atoms ready to interact with external reagents while avoiding aerobic or aqueous decomposition pathways, and on their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation of nucleophiles with esters. The few layer pnictogen material circumvents the extremely harsh reaction conditions associated to previous superacid–catalyzed alkylations, by enabling an alternative mechanism on surface, protected from the water and air by the ionic liquid. These 2D catalysts allow the alkylation of a variety of acid–sensitive organic molecules and giving synthetic relevancy to the use of simple esters as alkylating agents.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08063-3

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