The genome of broomcorn millet

Changsong Zou, Leiting Li, Daisuke Miki, Delin Li, Qiming Tang, Lihong Xiao, Santosh Rajput, Ping Deng, Li Peng, Wei Jia, Ru Huang, Meiling Zhang, Yidan Sun, Jiamin Hu, Xing Fu, Patrick S. Schnable, Yuxiao Chang, Feng Li, Hui Zhang, Baili Feng, Xinguang Zhu, Renyi Liu, James C. Schnable, Jian-Kang Zhu () and Heng Zhang ()
Additional contact information
Changsong Zou: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Leiting Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Daisuke Miki: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Delin Li: Data2Bio LLC
Qiming Tang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lihong Xiao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Santosh Rajput: Dryland Genetics LLC
Ping Deng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li Peng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Wei Jia: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ru Huang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Meiling Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yidan Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jiamin Hu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xing Fu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Patrick S. Schnable: Data2Bio LLC
Yuxiao Chang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Feng Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hui Zhang: Shandong Normal University
Baili Feng: Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University
Xinguang Zhu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Renyi Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
James C. Schnable: Data2Bio LLC
Jian-Kang Zhu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Heng Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the most water-efficient cereal and one of the earliest domesticated plants. Here we report its high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assembly using a combination of short-read sequencing, single-molecule real-time sequencing, Hi-C, and a high-density genetic map. Phylogenetic analyses reveal two sets of homologous chromosomes that may have merged ~5.6 million years ago, both of which exhibit strong synteny with other grass species. Broomcorn millet contains 55,930 protein-coding genes and 339 microRNA genes. We find Paniceae-specific expansion in several subfamilies of the BTB (broad complex/tramtrack/bric-a-brac) subunit of ubiquitin E3 ligases, suggesting enhanced regulation of protein dynamics may have contributed to the evolution of broomcorn millet. In addition, we identify the coexistence of all three C4 subtypes of carbon fixation candidate genes. The genome sequence is a valuable resource for breeders and will provide the foundation for studying the exceptional stress tolerance as well as C4 biology.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08409-5

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