Global Fe–O isotope correlation reveals magmatic origin of Kiruna-type apatite-iron-oxide ores

Valentin R. Troll (), Franz A. Weis, Erik Jonsson, Ulf B. Andersson, Seyed Afshin Majidi, Karin Högdahl, Chris Harris, Marc-Alban Millet, Sakthi Saravanan Chinnasamy, Ellen Kooijman and Katarina P. Nilsson
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Valentin R. Troll: Uppsala University
Franz A. Weis: Uppsala University
Erik Jonsson: Uppsala University
Ulf B. Andersson: Uppsala University
Seyed Afshin Majidi: Geological Survey of Iran, Meraj St, Azadi Sq
Karin Högdahl: Uppsala University
Chris Harris: University of Cape Town
Marc-Alban Millet: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place
Sakthi Saravanan Chinnasamy: Uppsala University
Ellen Kooijman: Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dept. of Geosciences
Katarina P. Nilsson: Geological Survey of Sweden

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Kiruna-type apatite-iron-oxide ores are key iron sources for modern industry, yet their origin remains controversial. Diverse ore-forming processes have been discussed, comprising low-temperature hydrothermal processes versus a high-temperature origin from magma or magmatic fluids. We present an extensive set of new and combined iron and oxygen isotope data from magnetite of Kiruna-type ores from Sweden, Chile and Iran, and compare them with new global reference data from layered intrusions, active volcanic provinces, and established low-temperature and hydrothermal iron ores. We show that approximately 80% of the magnetite from the investigated Kiruna-type ores exhibit δ56Fe and δ18O ratios that overlap with the volcanic and plutonic reference materials (> 800 °C), whereas ~20%, mainly vein-hosted and disseminated magnetite, match the low-temperature reference samples (≤400 °C). Thus, Kiruna-type ores are dominantly magmatic in origin, but may contain late-stage hydrothermal magnetite populations that can locally overprint primary high-temperature magmatic signatures.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09244-4

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