Rapid evaluation of bioactive Ti-based surfaces using an in vitro titration method

Weitian Zhao (), David Michalik, Stephen Ferguson, Willy Hofstetter, Jacques Lemaître, Brigitte Rechenberg and Paul Bowen
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Weitian Zhao: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
David Michalik: University of Zürich
Stephen Ferguson: Institute for Biomechanics, ETH-Zürich
Willy Hofstetter: University of Bern
Jacques Lemaître: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Brigitte Rechenberg: University of Zürich
Paul Bowen: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The prediction of implant behavior in vivo by the use of easy-to-perform in vitro methods is of great interest in biomaterials research. Simulated body fluids (SBFs) have been proposed and widely used to evaluate the bone-bonding ability of implant materials. In view of its limitations, we report here a rapid in vitro method based on calcium titration for the evaluation of in vivo bioactivity. Using four different titanium surfaces, this method identifies that alkaline treatment is the key process to confer bioactivity to titanium whereas no significant effect from heat treatment is observed. The presence of bioactive titanium surfaces in the solution during calcium titration induces an earlier nucleation of crystalline calcium phosphates and changes the crystallization pathway. The conclusions from this method are also supported by the standard SBF test (ISO 23317), in vitro cell culture tests using osteoblasts and in vivo animal experiments employing a pelvic sheep model.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09673-1

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