Out-of-equilibrium quantum magnetism and thermalization in a spin-3 many-body dipolar lattice system

S. Lepoutre, J. Schachenmayer, L. Gabardos, B. Zhu, B. Naylor, E. Maréchal, O. Gorceix, A. M. Rey (), L. Vernac and B. Laburthe-Tolra
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S. Lepoutre: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
J. Schachenmayer: Université de Strasbourg
L. Gabardos: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
B. Zhu: University of Colorado
B. Naylor: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
E. Maréchal: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
O. Gorceix: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
A. M. Rey: University of Colorado
L. Vernac: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers
B. Laburthe-Tolra: Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Understanding quantum thermalization through entanglement build up in isolated quantum systems addresses fundamental questions on how unitary dynamics connects to statistical physics. Spin systems made of long-range interacting atoms offer an ideal experimental platform to investigate this question. Here, we study the spin dynamics and approach towards local thermal equilibrium of a macroscopic ensemble of S = 3 chromium atoms pinned in a three dimensional optical lattice and prepared in a pure coherent spin state, under the effect of magnetic dipole–dipole interactions. Our isolated system thermalizes under its own dynamics, reaching a steady state consistent with a thermal ensemble with a temperature dictated from the system’s energy. The build up of quantum correlations during the dynamics is supported by comparison with an improved numerical quantum phase-space method. Our observations are consistent with a scenario of quantum thermalization linked to the growth of entanglement entropy.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09699-5

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