Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries

Yangying Zhu, Jin Xie, Allen Pei, Bofei Liu, Yecun Wu, Dingchang Lin, Jun Li, Hansen Wang, Hao Chen, Jinwei Xu, Ankun Yang, Chun-Lan Wu, Hongxia Wang, Wei Chen and Yi Cui ()
Additional contact information
Yangying Zhu: Stanford University
Jin Xie: Stanford University
Allen Pei: Stanford University
Bofei Liu: Stanford University
Yecun Wu: Stanford University
Dingchang Lin: Stanford University
Jun Li: Stanford University
Hansen Wang: Stanford University
Hao Chen: Stanford University
Jinwei Xu: Stanford University
Ankun Yang: Stanford University
Chun-Lan Wu: Stanford University
Hongxia Wang: Stanford University
Wei Chen: Stanford University
Yi Cui: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Fast-charging and high-energy-density batteries pose significant safety concerns due to high rates of heat generation. Understanding how localized high temperatures affect the battery is critical but remains challenging, mainly due to the difficulty of probing battery internal temperature with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce a method to induce and sense localized high temperature inside a lithium battery using micro-Raman spectroscopy. We discover that temperature hotspots can induce significant lithium metal growth as compared to the surrounding lower temperature area due to the locally enhanced surface exchange current density. More importantly, localized high temperature can be one of the factors to cause battery internal shorting, which further elevates the temperature and increases the risk of thermal runaway. This work provides important insights on the effects of heterogeneous temperatures within batteries and aids the development of safer batteries, thermal management schemes, and diagnostic tools.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1

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