The AvrPm3-Pm3 effector-NLR interactions control both race-specific resistance and host-specificity of cereal mildews on wheat

Salim Bourras (), Lukas Kunz, Minfeng Xue, Coraline Rosalie Praz, Marion Claudia Müller, Carol Kälin, Michael Schläfli, Patrick Ackermann, Simon Flückiger, Francis Parlange, Fabrizio Menardo, Luisa Katharina Schaefer, Roi Ben-David, Stefan Roffler, Simone Oberhaensli, Victoria Widrig, Stefan Lindner, Jonatan Isaksson, Thomas Wicker, Dazhao Yu () and Beat Keller ()
Additional contact information
Salim Bourras: University of Zurich
Lukas Kunz: University of Zurich
Minfeng Xue: Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Coraline Rosalie Praz: University of Zurich
Marion Claudia Müller: University of Zurich
Carol Kälin: University of Zurich
Michael Schläfli: University of Zurich
Patrick Ackermann: University of Zurich
Simon Flückiger: University of Zurich
Francis Parlange: University of Zurich
Fabrizio Menardo: University of Zurich
Luisa Katharina Schaefer: University of Zurich
Roi Ben-David: Institute of Plant Science, ARO-Volcani Center
Stefan Roffler: University of Zurich
Simone Oberhaensli: University of Zurich
Victoria Widrig: University of Zurich
Stefan Lindner: University of Zurich
Jonatan Isaksson: University of Zurich
Thomas Wicker: University of Zurich
Dazhao Yu: Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Beat Keller: University of Zurich

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract The wheat Pm3 resistance gene against the powdery mildew pathogen occurs as an allelic series encoding functionally different immune receptors which induce resistance upon recognition of isolate-specific avirulence (AVR) effectors from the pathogen. Here, we describe the identification of five effector proteins from the mildew pathogens of wheat, rye, and the wild grass Dactylis glomerata, specifically recognized by the PM3B, PM3C and PM3D receptors. Together with the earlier identified AVRPM3A2/F2, the recognized AVRs of PM3B/C, (AVRPM3B2/C2), and PM3D (AVRPM3D3) belong to a large group of proteins with low sequence homology but predicted structural similarities. AvrPm3b2/c2 and AvrPm3d3 are conserved in all tested isolates of wheat and rye mildew, and non-host infection assays demonstrate that Pm3b, Pm3c, and Pm3d are also restricting the growth of rye mildew on wheat. Furthermore, divergent AVR homologues from non-adapted rye and Dactylis mildews are recognized by PM3B, PM3C, or PM3D, demonstrating their involvement in host specificity.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10274-1

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