A safe and non-flammable sodium metal battery based on an ionic liquid electrolyte

Hao Sun, Guanzhou Zhu, Xintong Xu, Meng Liao, Yuan-Yao Li, Michael Angell, Meng Gu, Yuanmin Zhu, Wei Hsuan Hung, Jiachen Li, Yun Kuang, Yongtao Meng, Meng-Chang Lin, Huisheng Peng and Hongjie Dai ()
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Hao Sun: Stanford University
Guanzhou Zhu: Stanford University
Xintong Xu: Stanford University
Meng Liao: Fudan University
Yuan-Yao Li: Stanford University
Michael Angell: Stanford University
Meng Gu: Southern University of Science and Technology
Yuanmin Zhu: Southern University of Science and Technology
Wei Hsuan Hung: Stanford University
Jiachen Li: Stanford University
Yun Kuang: Stanford University
Yongtao Meng: Stanford University
Meng-Chang Lin: Shandong University of Science and Technology
Huisheng Peng: Fudan University
Hongjie Dai: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Rechargeable sodium metal batteries with high energy density could be important to a wide range of energy applications in modern society. The pursuit of higher energy density should ideally come with high safety, a goal difficult for electrolytes based on organic solvents. Here we report a chloroaluminate ionic liquid electrolyte comprised of aluminium chloride/1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride/sodium chloride ionic liquid spiked with two important additives, ethylaluminum dichloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. This leads to the first chloroaluminate based ionic liquid electrolyte for rechargeable sodium metal battery. The obtained batteries reached voltages up to ~ 4 V, high Coulombic efficiency up to 99.9%, and high energy and power density of ~ 420 Wh kg−1 and ~ 1766 W kg−1, respectively. The batteries retained over 90% of the original capacity after 700 cycles, suggesting an effective approach to sodium metal batteries with high energy/high power density, long cycle life and high safety.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11102-2

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