Single-cell CAS-seq reveals a class of short PIWI-interacting RNAs in human oocytes

Qiyuan Yang, Ronghong Li, Qifeng Lyu, Li Hou, Zhen Liu, Qiang Sun, Miao Liu, Huijuan Shi, Beiying Xu, Mingru Yin, Zhiguang Yan, Ying Huang, Mofang Liu, Yiping Li () and Ligang Wu ()
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Qiyuan Yang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ronghong Li: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qifeng Lyu: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
Li Hou: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhen Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qiang Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Miao Liu: Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR)
Huijuan Shi: Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (SIPPR)
Beiying Xu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mingru Yin: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
Zhiguang Yan: Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
Ying Huang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mofang Liu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yiping Li: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ligang Wu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Small RNAs have important functions. However, small RNAs in primate oocytes remain unexplored. Herein, we develop CAS-seq, a single-cell small RNA sequencing method, and profile the small RNAs in human oocytes and embryos. We discover a class of ~20-nt small RNAs that are predominantly expressed in human and monkey oocytes, but not in mouse oocytes. They are specifically associated with HIWI3 (PIWIL3), whereas significantly shorter than the commonly known PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), designated as oocyte short piRNAs (os-piRNAs). Notably, the os-piRNAs in human oocytes lack 2’-O-methylation at the 3’ end, a hallmark of the classic piRNAs. In addition, the os-piRNAs have a strong 1U/10 A bias and are enriched on the antisense strands of recently evolved transposable elements (TEs), indicating the potential function of silencing TEs by cleavage. Therefore, our study has identified an oocyte-specific piRNA family with distinct features and provides valuable resources for studying small RNAs in primate oocytes.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11312-8

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