Interleukin-36 cytokines alter the intestinal microbiome and can protect against obesity and metabolic dysfunction

Eirini Giannoudaki, Yasmina E. Hernandez-Santana, Kelly Mulfaul, Sarah L. Doyle, Emily Hams, Padraic G. Fallon, Arimin Mat, Donal O’Shea, Manfred Kopf, Andrew E. Hogan and Patrick T. Walsh ()
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Eirini Giannoudaki: Trinity College Dublin
Yasmina E. Hernandez-Santana: Trinity College Dublin
Kelly Mulfaul: Trinity College Dublin
Sarah L. Doyle: Trinity College Dublin
Emily Hams: Trinity College Dublin
Padraic G. Fallon: Trinity College Dublin
Arimin Mat: Obesity Immunology Research, St Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin
Donal O’Shea: Obesity Immunology Research, St Vincent’s University Hospital and University College Dublin
Manfred Kopf: ETH Zurich
Andrew E. Hogan: National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin
Patrick T. Walsh: Trinity College Dublin

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family are important mediators of obesity and metabolic disease and have been described to often play opposing roles. Here we report that the interleukin-36 (IL-36) subfamily can play a protective role against the development of disease. Elevated IL-36 cytokine expression is found in the serum of obese patients and negatively correlates with blood glucose levels among those presenting with type 2 diabetes. Mice lacking IL-36Ra, an IL-36 family signalling antagonist, develop less diet-induced weight gain, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. These protective effects correlate with increased abundance of the metabolically protective bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestinal microbiome. IL-36 cytokines promote its outgrowth as well as increased colonic mucus secretion. These findings identify a protective role for IL-36 cytokines in obesity and metabolic disease, adding to the current understanding of the role the broader IL-1 family plays in regulating disease pathogenesis.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11944-w

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