FRQ-CK1 interaction determines the period of circadian rhythms in Neurospora

Xiao Liu, Ahai Chen, Angélica Caicedo-Casso, Guofei Cui, Mingjian Du, Qun He, Sookkyung Lim, Hang J. Kim, Christian I. Hong and Yi Liu ()
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Xiao Liu: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Ahai Chen: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Angélica Caicedo-Casso: Universidad del Valle
Guofei Cui: China Agricultural University
Mingjian Du: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Qun He: China Agricultural University
Sookkyung Lim: University of Cincinnati
Hang J. Kim: University of Cincinnati
Christian I. Hong: University of Cincinnati
Yi Liu: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Circadian clock mechanisms have been extensively investigated but the main rate-limiting step that determines circadian period remains unclear. Formation of a stable complex between clock proteins and CK1 is a conserved feature in eukaryotic circadian mechanisms. Here we show that the FRQ-CK1 interaction, but not FRQ stability, correlates with circadian period in Neurospora circadian clock mutants. Mutations that specifically affect the FRQ-CK1 interaction lead to severe alterations in circadian period. The FRQ-CK1 interaction has two roles in the circadian negative feedback loop. First, it determines the FRQ phosphorylation profile, which regulates FRQ stability and also feeds back to either promote or reduce the interaction itself. Second, it determines the efficiency of circadian negative feedback process by mediating FRQ-dependent WC phosphorylation. Our conclusions are further supported by mathematical modeling and in silico experiments. Together, these results suggest that the FRQ-CK1 interaction is a major rate-limiting step in circadian period determination.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12239-w

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