A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula

Feng Feng, Jongho Sun, Guru V. Radhakrishnan, Tak Lee, Zoltán Bozsóki, Sébastien Fort, Aleksander Gavrin, Kira Gysel, Mikkel B. Thygesen, Kasper Røjkjær Andersen, Simona Radutoiu, Jens Stougaard and Giles E. D. Oldroyd ()
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Feng Feng: University of Cambridge
Jongho Sun: University of Cambridge
Guru V. Radhakrishnan: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre
Tak Lee: University of Cambridge
Zoltán Bozsóki: Aarhus University
Sébastien Fort: Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV
Aleksander Gavrin: University of Cambridge
Kira Gysel: Aarhus University
Mikkel B. Thygesen: University of Copenhagen
Kasper Røjkjær Andersen: Aarhus University
Simona Radutoiu: Aarhus University
Jens Stougaard: Aarhus University
Giles E. D. Oldroyd: University of Cambridge

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitating nutrient acquisition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce chitooligosaccharides (COs) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), that promote symbiosis signalling with resultant oscillations in nuclear-associated calcium. The activation of symbiosis signalling must be balanced with activation of immunity signalling, which in fungal interactions is promoted by COs resulting from the chitinaceous fungal cell wall. Here we demonstrate that COs ranging from CO4-CO8 can induce symbiosis signalling in Medicago truncatula. CO perception is a function of the receptor-like kinases MtCERK1 and LYR4, that activate both immunity and symbiosis signalling. A combination of LCOs and COs act synergistically to enhance symbiosis signalling and suppress immunity signalling and receptors involved in both CO and LCO perception are necessary for mycorrhizal establishment. We conclude that LCOs, when present in a mix with COs, drive a symbiotic outcome and this mix of signals is essential for arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12999-5

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