The wax gourd genomes offer insights into the genetic diversity and ancestral cucurbit karyotype

Dasen Xie, Yuanchao Xu, Jinpeng Wang, Wenrui Liu, Qian Zhou, Shaobo Luo, Wu Huang, Xiaoming He, Qing Li, Qingwu Peng, Xueyong Yang, Jiaqing Yuan, Jigao Yu, Xiyin Wang, William J. Lucas, Sanwen Huang, Biao Jiang () and Zhonghua Zhang ()
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Dasen Xie: Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yuanchao Xu: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jinpeng Wang: North China University of Science and Technology
Wenrui Liu: Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Qian Zhou: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Shaobo Luo: Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Wu Huang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xiaoming He: Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Qing Li: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Qingwu Peng: Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xueyong Yang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiaqing Yuan: North China University of Science and Technology
Jigao Yu: North China University of Science and Technology
Xiyin Wang: North China University of Science and Technology
William J. Lucas: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Sanwen Huang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Biao Jiang: Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhonghua Zhang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The botanical family Cucurbitaceae includes a variety of fruit crops with global or local economic importance. How their genomes evolve and the genetic basis of diversity remain largely unexplored. In this study, we sequence the genome of the wax gourd (Benincasa hispida), which bears giant fruit up to 80 cm in length and weighing over 20 kg. Comparative analyses of six cucurbit genomes reveal that the wax gourd genome represents the most ancestral karyotype, with the predicted ancestral genome having 15 proto-chromosomes. We also resequence 146 lines of diverse germplasm and build a variation map consisting of 16 million variations. Combining population genetics and linkage mapping, we identify a number of regions/genes potentially selected during domestication and improvement, some of which likely contribute to the large fruit size in wax gourds. Our analyses of these data help to understand genome evolution and function in cucurbits.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13185-3

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