Pathways to defense metabolites and evading fruit bitterness in genus Solanum evolved through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases

Pablo D. Cárdenas, Prashant D. Sonawane (), Uwe Heinig, Adam Jozwiak, Sayantan Panda, Bekele Abebie, Yana Kazachkova, Margarita Pliner, Tamar Unger, Dalia Wolf, Itai Ofner, Ester Vilaprinyo, Sagit Meir, Olga Davydov, Amit Gal-on, Saul Burdman, Ashok Giri, Dani Zamir, Tali Scherf, Jedrzej Szymanski, Ilana Rogachev and Asaph Aharoni ()
Additional contact information
Pablo D. Cárdenas: Weizmann Institute of Science
Prashant D. Sonawane: Weizmann Institute of Science
Uwe Heinig: Weizmann Institute of Science
Adam Jozwiak: Weizmann Institute of Science
Sayantan Panda: Weizmann Institute of Science
Bekele Abebie: Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center
Yana Kazachkova: Weizmann Institute of Science
Margarita Pliner: Weizmann Institute of Science
Tamar Unger: Weizmann Institute of Science
Dalia Wolf: Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center
Itai Ofner: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ester Vilaprinyo: University of Lleida-IRBLleida
Sagit Meir: Weizmann Institute of Science
Olga Davydov: Weizmann Institute of Science
Amit Gal-on: Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center
Saul Burdman: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Ashok Giri: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Chemical Laboratory
Dani Zamir: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Tali Scherf: Weizmann Institute of Science
Jedrzej Szymanski: Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, OT Gatersleben
Ilana Rogachev: Weizmann Institute of Science
Asaph Aharoni: Weizmann Institute of Science

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract The genus Solanum comprises three food crops (potato, tomato, and eggplant), which are consumed on daily basis worldwide and also producers of notorious anti-nutritional steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). Hydroxylated SGAs (i.e. leptinines) serve as precursors for leptines that act as defenses against Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), an important pest of potato worldwide. However, SGA hydroxylating enzymes remain unknown. Here, we discover that 2-OXOGLUTARATE-DEPENDENT-DIOXYGENASE (2-ODD) enzymes catalyze SGA-hydroxylation across various Solanum species. In contrast to cultivated potato, Solanum chacoense, a widespread wild potato species, has evolved a 2-ODD enzyme leading to the formation of leptinines. Furthermore, we find a related 2-ODD in tomato that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the bitter α-tomatine to hydroxytomatine, the first committed step in the chemical shift towards downstream ripening-associated non-bitter SGAs (e.g. esculeoside A). This 2-ODD enzyme prevents bitterness in ripe tomato fruit consumed today which otherwise would remain unpleasant in taste and more toxic.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13211-4

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