Glycogen branching enzyme controls cellular iron homeostasis via Iron Regulatory Protein 1 and mitoNEET

Nhan Huynh, Qiuxiang Ou, Pendleton Cox, Roland Lill and Kirst King-Jones ()
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Nhan Huynh: University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg
Qiuxiang Ou: University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg
Pendleton Cox: University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg
Roland Lill: Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 6
Kirst King-Jones: University of Alberta, G-504 Biological Sciences Bldg

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract Iron Regulatory Protein 1 (IRP1) is a bifunctional cytosolic iron sensor. When iron levels are normal, IRP1 harbours an iron-sulphur cluster (holo-IRP1), an enzyme with aconitase activity. When iron levels fall, IRP1 loses the cluster (apo-IRP1) and binds to iron-responsive elements (IREs) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding proteins involved in cellular iron uptake, distribution, and storage. Here we show that mutations in the Drosophila 1,4-Alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme (AGBE) gene cause porphyria. AGBE was hitherto only linked to glycogen metabolism and a fatal human disorder known as glycogen storage disease type IV. AGBE binds specifically to holo-IRP1 and to mitoNEET, a protein capable of repairing IRP1 iron-sulphur clusters. This interaction ensures nuclear translocation of holo-IRP1 and downregulation of iron-dependent processes, demonstrating that holo-IRP1 functions not just as an aconitase, but throttles target gene expression in anticipation of declining iron requirements.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13237-8

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