Wireless, battery-free, fully implantable multimodal and multisite pacemakers for applications in small animal models

Philipp Gutruf (), Rose T. Yin, K. Benjamin Lee, Jokubas Ausra, Jaclyn A. Brennan, Yun Qiao, Zhaoqian Xie, Roberto Peralta, Olivia Talarico, Alejandro Murillo, Sheena W. Chen, John P. Leshock, Chad R. Haney, Emily A. Waters, Changxing Zhang, Haiwen Luan, Yonggang Huang, Gregory Trachiotis, Igor R. Efimov () and John A. Rogers ()
Additional contact information
Philipp Gutruf: University of Arizona
Rose T. Yin: The George Washington University
K. Benjamin Lee: The George Washington University
Jokubas Ausra: University of Arizona
Jaclyn A. Brennan: The George Washington University
Yun Qiao: The George Washington University
Zhaoqian Xie: Dalian University of Technology
Roberto Peralta: University of Arizona
Olivia Talarico: University of Arizona
Alejandro Murillo: The George Washington University
Sheena W. Chen: The George Washington University
John P. Leshock: Northwestern University
Chad R. Haney: Northwestern University
Emily A. Waters: Northwestern University
Changxing Zhang: Tsinghua University
Haiwen Luan: Northwestern University
Yonggang Huang: Northwestern University
Gregory Trachiotis: The George Washington University
Igor R. Efimov: The George Washington University
John A. Rogers: Northwestern University

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Small animals support a wide range of pathological phenotypes and genotypes as versatile, affordable models for pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and for exploration of strategies in electrotherapy, gene therapy, and optogenetics. Pacing tools in such contexts are currently limited to tethered embodiments that constrain animal behaviors and experimental designs. Here, we introduce a highly miniaturized wireless energy-harvesting and digital communication electronics for thin, miniaturized pacing platforms weighing 110 mg with capabilities for subdermal implantation and tolerance to over 200,000 multiaxial cycles of strain without degradation in electrical or optical performance. Multimodal and multisite pacing in ex vivo and in vivo studies over many days demonstrate chronic stability and excellent biocompatibility. Optogenetic stimulation of cardiac cycles with in-animal control and induction of heart failure through chronic pacing serve as examples of modes of operation relevant to fundamental and applied cardiovascular research and biomedical technology.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13637-w

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