Directional Goldstone waves in polariton condensates close to equilibrium

Dario Ballarini (), Davide Caputo, Galbadrakh Dagvadorj, Richard Juggins, Milena De Giorgi, Lorenzo Dominici, Kenneth West, Loren N. Pfeiffer, Giuseppe Gigli, Marzena H. Szymańska and Daniele Sanvitto
Additional contact information
Dario Ballarini: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology
Davide Caputo: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology
Galbadrakh Dagvadorj: University College London
Richard Juggins: University College London
Milena De Giorgi: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology
Lorenzo Dominici: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology
Kenneth West: Princeton University
Loren N. Pfeiffer: Princeton University
Giuseppe Gigli: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology
Marzena H. Szymańska: University College London
Daniele Sanvitto: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Quantum fluids of light are realized in semiconductor microcavities using exciton-polaritons, solid-state quasi-particles with a light mass and sizeable interactions. Here, we use the microscopic analogue of oceanographic techniques to measure the excitation spectrum of a thermalised polariton condensate. Increasing the fluid density, we demonstrate the transition from a free-particle parabolic dispersion to a linear, sound-like Goldstone mode characteristic of superfluids at equilibrium. Notably, we reveal the effect of an asymmetric pumping by showing that collective excitations are created with a definite direction with respect to the condensate. Furthermore, we measure the critical sound speed for polariton superfluids close to equilibrium.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13733-x

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