Discovery of bilaterian-type through-guts in cloudinomorphs from the terminal Ediacaran Period

James D. Schiffbauer (), Tara Selly (), Sarah M. Jacquet, Rachel A. Merz, Lyle L. Nelson, Michael A. Strange, Yaoping Cai and Emily F. Smith
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James D. Schiffbauer: University of Missouri
Tara Selly: University of Missouri
Sarah M. Jacquet: University of Missouri
Rachel A. Merz: Swarthmore College
Lyle L. Nelson: Johns Hopkins University
Michael A. Strange: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Yaoping Cai: Northwest University
Emily F. Smith: Johns Hopkins University

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The fossil record of the terminal Ediacaran Period is typified by the iconic index fossil Cloudina and its relatives. These tube-dwellers are presumed to be primitive metazoans, but resolving their phylogenetic identity has remained a point of contention. The root of the problem is a lack of diagnostic features; that is, phylogenetic interpretations have largely centered on the only available source of information—their external tubes. Here, using tomographic analyses of fossils from the Wood Canyon Formation (Nevada, USA), we report evidence of recognizable soft tissues within their external tubes. Although alternative interpretations are plausible, these internal cylindrical structures may be most appropriately interpreted as digestive tracts, which would be, to date, the earliest-known occurrence of such features in the fossil record. If this interpretation is correct, their nature as one-way through-guts not only provides evidence for establishing these fossils as definitive bilaterians but also has implications for the long-debated phylogenetic position of the broader cloudinomorphs.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13882-z

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