Formation of bridgmanite-enriched layer at the top lower-mantle during magma ocean solidification

Longjian Xie (), Akira Yoneda, Daisuke Yamazaki, Geeth Manthilake, Yuji Higo, Yoshinori Tange, Nicolas Guignot, Andrew King, Mario Scheel and Denis Andrault
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Longjian Xie: Okayama University
Akira Yoneda: Okayama University
Daisuke Yamazaki: Okayama University
Geeth Manthilake: Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC
Yuji Higo: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Yoshinori Tange: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute
Nicolas Guignot: Synchrotron SOLEIL
Andrew King: Synchrotron SOLEIL
Mario Scheel: Synchrotron SOLEIL
Denis Andrault: Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Thermochemical heterogeneities detected today in the Earth’s mantle could arise from ongoing partial melting in different mantle regions. A major open question, however, is the level of chemical stratification inherited from an early magma-ocean (MO) solidification. Here we show that the MO crystallized homogeneously in the deep mantle, but with chemical fractionation at depths around 1000 km and in the upper mantle. Our arguments are based on accurate measurements of the viscosity of melts with forsterite, enstatite and diopside compositions up to ~30 GPa and more than 3000 K at synchrotron X-ray facilities. Fractional solidification would induce the formation of a bridgmanite-enriched layer at ~1000 km depth. This layer may have resisted to mantle mixing by convection and cause the reported viscosity peak and anomalous dynamic impedance. On the other hand, fractional solidification in the upper mantle would have favored the formation of the first crust.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14071-8

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