Large-area, periodic, and tunable intrinsic pseudo-magnetic fields in low-angle twisted bilayer graphene

Haohao Shi, Zhen Zhan, Zhikai Qi, Kaixiang Huang, Edo van Veen, Jose Ángel Silva-Guillén, Runxiao Zhang, Pengju Li, Kun Xie, Hengxing Ji, Mikhail I. Katsnelson, Shengjun Yuan (), Shengyong Qin () and Zhenyu Zhang
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Haohao Shi: University of Science and Technology of China
Zhen Zhan: Wuhan University
Zhikai Qi: University of Science and Technology of China
Kaixiang Huang: Wuhan University
Edo van Veen: Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg
Jose Ángel Silva-Guillén: Wuhan University
Runxiao Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China
Pengju Li: University of Science and Technology of China
Kun Xie: University of Science and Technology of China
Hengxing Ji: University of Science and Technology of China
Mikhail I. Katsnelson: Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg
Shengjun Yuan: Wuhan University
Shengyong Qin: University of Science and Technology of China
Zhenyu Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract A properly strained graphene monolayer or bilayer is expected to harbour periodic pseudo-magnetic fields with high symmetry, yet to date, a convincing demonstration of such pseudo-magnetic fields has been lacking, especially for bilayer graphene. Here, we report a definitive experimental proof for the existence of large-area, periodic pseudo-magnetic fields, as manifested by vortex lattices in commensurability with the moiré patterns of low-angle twisted bilayer graphene. The pseudo-magnetic fields are strong enough to confine the massive Dirac electrons into circularly localized pseudo-Landau levels, as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, and also corroborated by tight-binding calculations. We further demonstrate that the geometry, amplitude, and periodicity of the pseudo-magnetic fields can be fine-tuned by both the rotation angle and heterostrain. Collectively, the present study substantially enriches twisted bilayer graphene as a powerful enabling platform for exploration of new and exotic physical phenomena, including quantum valley Hall effects and quantum anomalous Hall effects.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14207-w

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