Liquids relax and unify strain in graphene

Liubov A. Belyaeva, Lin Jiang, Alireza Soleimani, Jeroen Methorst, H. Jelger Risselada and Grégory F. Schneider ()
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Liubov A. Belyaeva: Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55
Lin Jiang: Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55
Alireza Soleimani: Institute of Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1
Jeroen Methorst: Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55
H. Jelger Risselada: Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55
Grégory F. Schneider: Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Solid substrates often induce non-uniform strain and doping in graphene monolayer, therefore altering the intrinsic properties of graphene, reducing its charge carrier mobilities and, consequently, the overall electrical performance. Here, we exploit confocal Raman spectroscopy to study graphene directly free-floating on the surface of water, and show that liquid supports relief the preexisting strain, have negligible doping effect and restore the uniformity of the properties throughout the graphene sheet. Such an effect originates from the structural adaptability and flexibility, lesser contamination and weaker intermolecular bonding of liquids compared to solid supports, independently of the chemical nature of the liquid. Moreover, we demonstrate that water provides a platform to study and distinguish chemical defects from substrate-induced defects, in the particular case of hydrogenated graphene. Liquid supports, thus, are advantageous over solid supports for a range of applications, particularly for monitoring changes in the graphene structure upon chemical modification.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14637-x

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