Ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids using deformed graphene channel field effect biosensors

Michael Taeyoung Hwang, Mohammad Heiranian, Yerim Kim, Seungyong You, Juyoung Leem, Amir Taqieddin, Vahid Faramarzi, Yuhang Jing, Insu Park, Arend M. Zande, Sungwoo Nam, Narayana R. Aluru () and Rashid Bashir ()
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Michael Taeyoung Hwang: University of Illinois
Mohammad Heiranian: University of Illinois
Yerim Kim: University of Illinois
Seungyong You: University of Illinois
Juyoung Leem: University of Illinois
Amir Taqieddin: University of Illinois
Vahid Faramarzi: University of Illinois
Yuhang Jing: University of Illinois
Insu Park: University of Illinois
Arend M. Zande: University of Illinois
Sungwoo Nam: University of Illinois
Narayana R. Aluru: University of Illinois
Rashid Bashir: University of Illinois

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors allow label-free detection of biomolecules by measuring their intrinsic charges. The detection limit of these sensors is determined by the Debye screening of the charges from counter ions in solutions. Here, we use FETs with a deformed monolayer graphene channel for the detection of nucleic acids. These devices with even millimeter scale channels show an ultra-high sensitivity detection in buffer and human serum sample down to 600 zM and 20 aM, respectively, which are ∼18 and ∼600 nucleic acid molecules. Computational simulations reveal that the nanoscale deformations can form ‘electrical hot spots’ in the sensing channel which reduce the charge screening at the concave regions. Moreover, the deformed graphene could exhibit a band-gap, allowing an exponential change in the source-drain current from small numbers of charges. Collectively, these phenomena allow for ultrasensitive electronic biomolecular detection in millimeter scale structures.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15330-9

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