The Scaly-foot Snail genome and implications for the origins of biomineralised armour

Jin Sun, Chong Chen, Norio Miyamoto, Runsheng Li, Julia D. Sigwart, Ting Xu, Yanan Sun, Wai Chuen Wong, Jack C. H. Ip, Weipeng Zhang, Yi Lan, Dass Bissessur, Tomo-o Watsuji, Hiromi Kayama Watanabe, Yoshihiro Takaki, Kazuho Ikeo, Nobuyuki Fujii, Kazutoshi Yoshitake, Jian-Wen Qiu, Ken Takai () and Pei-Yuan Qian ()
Additional contact information
Jin Sun: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Chong Chen: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Norio Miyamoto: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Runsheng Li: Hong Kong Baptist University
Julia D. Sigwart: Queen’s University Belfast
Ting Xu: Hong Kong Baptist University
Yanan Sun: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Wai Chuen Wong: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Jack C. H. Ip: Hong Kong Baptist University
Weipeng Zhang: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Yi Lan: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Dass Bissessur: Maritime Zones Administration & Exploration, Ministry of Defence and Rodrigues
Tomo-o Watsuji: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Hiromi Kayama Watanabe: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Yoshihiro Takaki: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Kazuho Ikeo: National Institute of Genetics
Nobuyuki Fujii: National Institute of Genetics
Kazutoshi Yoshitake: The University of Tokyo
Jian-Wen Qiu: Hong Kong Baptist University
Ken Takai: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Pei-Yuan Qian: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The Scaly-foot Snail, Chrysomallon squamiferum, presents a combination of biomineralised features, reminiscent of enigmatic early fossil taxa with complex shells and sclerites such as sachtids, but in a recently-diverged living species which even has iron-infused hard parts. Thus the Scaly-foot Snail is an ideal model to study the genomic mechanisms underlying the evolutionary diversification of biomineralised armour. Here, we present a high-quality whole-genome assembly and tissue-specific transcriptomic data, and show that scale and shell formation in the Scaly-foot Snail employ independent subsets of 25 highly-expressed transcription factors. Comparisons with other lophotrochozoan genomes imply that this biomineralisation toolkit is ancient, though expression patterns differ across major lineages. We suggest that the ability of lophotrochozoan lineages to generate a wide range of hard parts, exemplified by the remarkable morphological disparity in Mollusca, draws on a capacity for dynamic modification of the expression and positioning of toolkit elements across the genome.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15522-3

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