Sex chromosome evolution in parasitic nematodes of humans

Jeremy M. Foster, Alexandra Grote, John Mattick, Alan Tracey, Yu-Chih Tsai, Matthew Chung, James A. Cotton, Tyson A. Clark, Adam Geber, Nancy Holroyd, Jonas Korlach, Yichao Li, Silvia Libro, Sara Lustigman, Michelle L. Michalski, Michael Paulini, Matthew B. Rogers, Laura Teigen, Alan Twaddle, Lonnie Welch, Matthew Berriman, Julie C. Dunning Hotopp () and Elodie Ghedin ()
Additional contact information
Jeremy M. Foster: New England Biolabs
Alexandra Grote: New York University
John Mattick: University of Maryland School of Medicine
Alan Tracey: Wellcome Sanger Institute
Yu-Chih Tsai: Pacific Biosciences
Matthew Chung: University of Maryland School of Medicine
James A. Cotton: Wellcome Sanger Institute
Tyson A. Clark: Pacific Biosciences
Adam Geber: New York University
Nancy Holroyd: Wellcome Sanger Institute
Jonas Korlach: Pacific Biosciences
Yichao Li: Ohio University
Silvia Libro: New England Biolabs
Sara Lustigman: New York Blood Center
Michelle L. Michalski: University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
Michael Paulini: European Bioinformatics Institute
Matthew B. Rogers: UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh
Laura Teigen: University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
Alan Twaddle: New York University
Lonnie Welch: Ohio University
Matthew Berriman: Wellcome Sanger Institute
Julie C. Dunning Hotopp: University of Maryland School of Medicine
Elodie Ghedin: New York University

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Sex determination mechanisms often differ even between related species yet the evolution of sex chromosomes remains poorly understood in all but a few model organisms. Some nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans have an XO sex determination system while others, such as the filarial parasite Brugia malayi, have an XY mechanism. We present a complete B. malayi genome assembly and define Nigon elements shared with C. elegans, which we then map to the genomes of other filarial species and more distantly related nematodes. We find a remarkable plasticity in sex chromosome evolution with several distinct cases of neo-X and neo-Y formation, X-added regions, and conversion of autosomes to sex chromosomes from which we propose a model of chromosome evolution across different nematode clades. The phylum Nematoda offers a new and innovative system for gaining a deeper understanding of sex chromosome evolution.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15654-6

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