Near-field transmission matrix microscopy for mapping high-order eigenmodes of subwavelength nanostructures

Eunsung Seo, Young-Ho Jin, Wonjun Choi, Yonghyeon Jo, Suyeon Lee, Kyung-Deok Song, Joonmo Ahn, Q.-Han Park, Myung-Ki Kim () and Wonshik Choi ()
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Eunsung Seo: Institute for Basic Science
Young-Ho Jin: Korea University
Wonjun Choi: Institute for Basic Science
Yonghyeon Jo: Institute for Basic Science
Suyeon Lee: Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology
Kyung-Deok Song: Institute for Basic Science
Joonmo Ahn: Institute for Basic Science
Q.-Han Park: Korea University
Myung-Ki Kim: Korea University
Wonshik Choi: Institute for Basic Science

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract As nanoscale photonic devices are densely integrated, multiple near-field optical eigenmodes take part in their functionalization. Inevitably, these eigenmodes are highly multiplexed in their spectra and superposed in their spatial distributions, making it extremely difficult for conventional near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to address individual eigenmodes. Here, we develop a near-field transmission matrix microscopy for mapping the high-order eigenmodes of nanostructures, which are invisible with conventional NSOM. At an excitation wavelength where multiple modes are superposed, we measure the near-field amplitude and phase maps for various far-field illumination angles, from which we construct a fully phase-referenced far- to near-field transmission matrix. By performing the singular value decomposition, we extract orthogonal near-field eigenmodes such as anti-symmetric mode and quadruple mode of multiple nano-slits whose gap size (50 nm) is smaller than the probe aperture (150 nm). Analytic model and numerical mode analysis validated the experimentally observed modes.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16263-z

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