Bacterial symbionts support larval sap feeding and adult folivory in (semi-)aquatic reed beetles

Frank Reis, Roy Kirsch, Yannick Pauchet, Eugen Bauer, Lisa Carolin Bilz, Kayoko Fukumori, Takema Fukatsu, Gregor Kölsch and Martin Kaltenpoth ()
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Frank Reis: Johannes Gutenberg University
Roy Kirsch: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
Yannick Pauchet: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
Eugen Bauer: Johannes Gutenberg University
Lisa Carolin Bilz: Johannes Gutenberg University
Kayoko Fukumori: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Takema Fukatsu: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Gregor Kölsch: Universität Hamburg
Martin Kaltenpoth: Johannes Gutenberg University

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Symbiotic microbes can enable their host to access untapped nutritional resources but may also constrain niche space by promoting specialization. Here, we reconstruct functional changes in the evolutionary history of the symbiosis between a group of (semi-)aquatic herbivorous insects and mutualistic bacteria. Sequencing the symbiont genomes across 26 species of reed beetles (Chrysomelidae, Donaciinae) spanning four genera indicates that the genome-eroded mutualists provide life stage-specific benefits to larvae and adults, respectively. In the plant sap-feeding larvae, the symbionts are inferred to synthesize most of the essential amino acids as well as the B vitamin riboflavin. The adult reed beetles’ folivory is likely supported by symbiont-encoded pectinases that complement the host-encoded set of cellulases, as revealed by transcriptome sequencing. However, mapping the occurrence of the symbionts’ pectinase genes and the hosts’ food plant preferences onto the beetles’ phylogeny reveals multiple independent losses of pectinase genes in lineages that switched to feeding on pectin-poor plants, presumably constraining their hosts’ subsequent adaptive potential.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16687-7

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