Rapid fast-delta decay following prolonged wakefulness marks a phase of wake-inertia in NREM sleep

Jeffrey Hubbard (), Thomas C. Gent, Marieke M. B. Hoekstra, Yann Emmenegger, Valerie Mongrain, Hans-Peter Landolt, Antoine R. Adamantidis and Paul Franken ()
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Jeffrey Hubbard: University of Lausanne
Thomas C. Gent: Inselspital University Hospital Bern
Marieke M. B. Hoekstra: University of Lausanne
Yann Emmenegger: University of Lausanne
Valerie Mongrain: Université de Montréal
Hans-Peter Landolt: University of Zürich
Antoine R. Adamantidis: Inselspital University Hospital Bern
Paul Franken: University of Lausanne

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Sleep-wake driven changes in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM) sleep (NREMS) EEG delta (δ-)power are widely used as proxy for a sleep homeostatic process. Here, we noted frequency increases in δ-waves in sleep-deprived mice, prompting us to re-evaluate how slow-wave characteristics relate to prior sleep-wake history. We identified two classes of δ-waves; one responding to sleep deprivation with high initial power and fast, discontinuous decay during recovery sleep (δ2) and another unrelated to time-spent-awake with slow, linear decay (δ1). Reanalysis of previously published datasets demonstrates that δ-band heterogeneity after sleep deprivation is also present in human subjects. Similar to sleep deprivation, silencing of centromedial thalamus neurons boosted subsequent δ2-waves, specifically. δ2-dynamics paralleled that of temperature, muscle tone, heart rate, and neuronal ON-/OFF-state lengths, all reverting to characteristic NREMS levels within the first recovery hour. Thus, prolonged waking seems to necessitate a physiological recalibration before typical NREMS can be reinstated.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16915-0

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