Genomic basis of homoploid hybrid speciation within chestnut trees

Yongshuai Sun (), Zhiqiang Lu, Xingfu Zhu and Hui Ma
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Yongshuai Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhiqiang Lu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xingfu Zhu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hui Ma: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Hybridization can drive speciation. We examine the hypothesis that Castanea henryi var. omeiensis is an evolutionary lineage that originated from hybridization between two near-sympatric diploid taxa, C. henryi var. henryi and C. mollissima. We produce a high-quality genome assembly for mollissima and characterize evolutionary relationships among related chestnut taxa. Our results show that C. henryi var. omeiensis has a mosaic genome but has accumulated divergence in all 12 chromosomes. We observe positive correlation between admixture proportions and recombination rates across the genome. Candidate barrier genomic regions, which isolate var. henryi and mollissima, are re-assorted in the hybrid lineage. We further find that the putative barrier segments concentrate in genomic regions with less recombination, suggesting that interaction between natural selection and recombination shapes the evolution of hybrid genomes during hybrid speciation. This study highlights that reassortment of parental barriers is an important mechanism in generating biodiversity.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17111-w

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