BRD4 prevents the accumulation of R-loops and protects against transcription–replication collision events and DNA damage

Fred C. Lam (), Yi Wen Kong, Qiuying Huang, Tu-Lan Han, Amanda D. Maffa, Ekkehard M. Kasper and Michael B. Yaffe ()
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Fred C. Lam: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Yi Wen Kong: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Qiuying Huang: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tu-Lan Han: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Amanda D. Maffa: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ekkehard M. Kasper: McMaster University
Michael B. Yaffe: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Abstract Proper chromatin function and maintenance of genomic stability depends on spatiotemporal coordination between the transcription and replication machinery. Loss of this coordination can lead to DNA damage from increased transcription-replication collision events. We report that deregulated transcription following BRD4 loss in cancer cells leads to the accumulation of RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) and collisions with the replication machinery causing replication stress and DNA damage. Whole genome BRD4 and γH2AX ChIP-Seq with R-loop IP qPCR reveals that BRD4 inhibition leads to accumulation of R-loops and DNA damage at a subset of known BDR4, JMJD6, and CHD4 co-regulated genes. Interference with BRD4 function causes transcriptional downregulation of the DNA damage response protein TopBP1, resulting in failure to activate the ATR-Chk1 pathway despite increased replication stress, leading to apoptotic cell death in S-phase and mitotic catastrophe. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of BRD4 induces transcription-replication conflicts, DNA damage, and cell death in oncogenic cells.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17503-y

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