Giant photothermal nonlinearity in a single silicon nanostructure

Yi-Shiou Duh, Yusuke Nagasaki, Yu-Lung Tang, Pang-Han Wu, Hao-Yu Cheng, Te-Hsin Yen, Hou-Xian Ding, Kentaro Nishida, Ikuto Hotta, Jhen-Hong Yang, Yu-Ping Lo, Kuo-Ping Chen, Katsumasa Fujita, Chih-Wei Chang, Kung-Hsuan Lin (), Junichi Takahara () and Shi-Wei Chu ()
Additional contact information
Yi-Shiou Duh: National Taiwan University
Yusuke Nagasaki: Osaka University
Yu-Lung Tang: National Taiwan University
Pang-Han Wu: National Taiwan University
Hao-Yu Cheng: Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica
Te-Hsin Yen: National Taiwan University
Hou-Xian Ding: National Taiwan University
Kentaro Nishida: Osaka University
Ikuto Hotta: Osaka University
Jhen-Hong Yang: Institute of Photonic System, National Chiao Tung University
Yu-Ping Lo: Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University
Kuo-Ping Chen: Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, National Chiao Tung University
Katsumasa Fujita: Osaka University
Chih-Wei Chang: National Taiwan University
Kung-Hsuan Lin: Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica
Junichi Takahara: Osaka University
Shi-Wei Chu: National Taiwan University

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Silicon photonics have attracted significant interest because of their potential in integrated photonics components and all-dielectric meta-optics elements. One major challenge is to achieve active control via strong photon–photon interactions, i.e. optical nonlinearity, which is intrinsically weak in silicon. To boost the nonlinear response, practical applications rely on resonant structures such as microring resonators or photonic crystals. Nevertheless, their typical footprints are larger than 10 μm. Here, we show that 100 nm silicon nano-resonators exhibit a giant photothermal nonlinearity, yielding 90% reversible and repeatable modulation from linear scattering response at low excitation intensities. The equivalent nonlinear index is five-orders larger compared with bulk, based on Mie resonance enhanced absorption and high-efficiency heating in thermally isolated nanostructures. Furthermore, the nanoscale thermal relaxation time reaches nanosecond. This large and fast nonlinearity leads to potential applications for GHz all-optical control at the nanoscale and super-resolution imaging of silicon.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17846-6

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