Temperate infection in a virus–host system previously known for virulent dynamics

Ben Knowles (), Juan A. Bonachela, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Karen G. Bondoc, B. B. Cael, Craig A. Carlson, Nick Cieslik, Ben Diaz, Heidi L. Fuchs, Jason R. Graff, Juris A. Grasis, Kimberly H. Halsey, Liti Haramaty, Christopher T. Johns, Frank Natale, Jozef I. Nissimov, Brittany Schieler, Kimberlee Thamatrakoln, T. Frede Thingstad, Selina Våge, Cliff Watkins, Toby K. Westberry and Kay D. Bidle ()
Additional contact information
Ben Knowles: Rutgers University
Juan A. Bonachela: Rutgers University
Michael J. Behrenfeld: Oregon State University
Karen G. Bondoc: Rutgers University
B. B. Cael: National Oceanography Centre
Craig A. Carlson: University of California Santa Barbara
Nick Cieslik: Rutgers University
Ben Diaz: Rutgers University
Heidi L. Fuchs: Rutgers University
Jason R. Graff: Oregon State University
Juris A. Grasis: University of California Merced
Kimberly H. Halsey: Oregon State University
Liti Haramaty: Rutgers University
Christopher T. Johns: Rutgers University
Frank Natale: Rutgers University
Jozef I. Nissimov: University of Waterloo
Brittany Schieler: Rutgers University
Kimberlee Thamatrakoln: Rutgers University
T. Frede Thingstad: University of Bergen
Selina Våge: University of Bergen
Cliff Watkins: Rutgers University
Toby K. Westberry: Oregon State University
Kay D. Bidle: Rutgers University

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract The blooming cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its viruses (EhVs) are a model for density-dependent virulent dynamics. EhVs commonly exhibit rapid viral reproduction and drive host death in high-density laboratory cultures and mesocosms that simulate blooms. Here we show that this system exhibits physiology-dependent temperate dynamics at environmentally relevant E. huxleyi host densities rather than virulent dynamics, with viruses switching from a long-term non-lethal temperate phase in healthy hosts to a lethal lytic stage as host cells become physiologically stressed. Using this system as a model for temperate infection dynamics, we present a template to diagnose temperate infection in other virus–host systems by integrating experimental, theoretical, and environmental approaches. Finding temperate dynamics in such an established virulent host–virus model system indicates that temperateness may be more pervasive than previously considered, and that the role of viruses in bloom formation and decline may be governed by host physiology rather than by host–virus densities.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18078-4

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