Plasticity of muscle synergies through fractionation and merging during development and training of human runners

Vincent C. K. Cheung (), Ben M. F. Cheung, Janet H. Zhang, Zoe Y. S. Chan, Sophia C. W. Ha, Chao-Ying Chen and Roy T. H. Cheung ()
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Vincent C. K. Cheung: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Ben M. F. Cheung: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Janet H. Zhang: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Zoe Y. S. Chan: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Sophia C. W. Ha: The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Chao-Ying Chen: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Roy T. H. Cheung: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Complex motor commands for human locomotion are generated through the combination of motor modules representable as muscle synergies. Recent data have argued that muscle synergies are inborn or determined early in life, but development of the neuro-musculoskeletal system and acquisition of new skills may demand fine-tuning or reshaping of the early synergies. We seek to understand how locomotor synergies change during development and training by studying the synergies for running in preschoolers and diverse adults from sedentary subjects to elite marathoners, totaling 63 subjects assessed over 100 sessions. During development, synergies are fractionated into units with fewer muscles. As adults train to run, specific synergies coalesce to become merged synergies. Presences of specific synergy-merging patterns correlate with enhanced or reduced running efficiency. Fractionation and merging of muscle synergies may be a mechanism for modifying early motor modules (Nature) to accommodate the changing limb biomechanics and influences from sensorimotor training (Nurture).

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18210-4

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