Revealing fine-scale spatiotemporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 introduction and spread

Gage K. Moreno, Katarina M. Braun, Kasen K. Riemersma, Michael A. Martin, Peter J. Halfmann, Chelsea M. Crooks, Trent Prall, David Baker, John J. Baczenas, Anna S. Heffron, Mitchell Ramuta, Manjeet Khubbar, Andrea M. Weiler, Molly A. Accola, William M. Rehrauer, Shelby L. O’Connor, Nasia Safdar, Caitlin S. Pepperell, Trivikram Dasu, Sanjib Bhattacharyya, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Katia Koelle, David H. O’Connor and Thomas C. Friedrich ()
Additional contact information
Gage K. Moreno: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Katarina M. Braun: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Kasen K. Riemersma: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Michael A. Martin: Emory University
Peter J. Halfmann: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Chelsea M. Crooks: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Trent Prall: University of Wisconsin-Madison
David Baker: University of Wisconsin-Madison
John J. Baczenas: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Anna S. Heffron: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Mitchell Ramuta: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Manjeet Khubbar: City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory
Andrea M. Weiler: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Molly A. Accola: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
William M. Rehrauer: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Shelby L. O’Connor: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Nasia Safdar: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Caitlin S. Pepperell: University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
Trivikram Dasu: City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory
Sanjib Bhattacharyya: City of Milwaukee Health Department Laboratory
Yoshihiro Kawaoka: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Katia Koelle: Emory University
David H. O’Connor: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Thomas C. Friedrich: University of Wisconsin-Madison

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Evidence-based public health approaches that minimize the introduction and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters are urgently needed in the United States and other countries struggling with expanding epidemics. Here we analyze 247 full-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA, and find surprisingly distinct patterns of viral spread. Dane County had the 12th known introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, but this did not lead to descendant community spread. Instead, the Dane County outbreak was seeded by multiple later introductions, followed by limited community spread. In contrast, relatively few introductions in Milwaukee County led to extensive community spread. We present evidence for reduced viral spread in both counties following the statewide “Safer at Home” order, which went into effect 25 March 2020. Our results suggest patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission may vary substantially even in nearby communities. Understanding these local patterns will enable better targeting of public health interventions.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19346-z

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