Dermal IRF4+ dendritic cells and monocytes license CD4+ T helper cells to distinct cytokine profiles

Kerry L. Hilligan, Shiau-Choot Tang, Evelyn J. Hyde, Elsa Roussel, Johannes U. Mayer, Jianping Yang, Kirsty A. Wakelin, Alfonso J. Schmidt, Lisa M. Connor, Alan Sher, Andrew S. MacDonald and Franca Ronchese ()
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Kerry L. Hilligan: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Shiau-Choot Tang: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Evelyn J. Hyde: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Elsa Roussel: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Johannes U. Mayer: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Jianping Yang: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Kirsty A. Wakelin: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Alfonso J. Schmidt: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Lisa M. Connor: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research
Alan Sher: National Institutes of Health
Andrew S. MacDonald: University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
Franca Ronchese: Malaghan Institute of Medical Research

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APC) instruct CD4+ helper T (Th) cell responses, but it is unclear whether different APC subsets contribute uniquely in determining Th differentiation in pathogen-specific settings. Here, we use skin-relevant, fluorescently-labeled bacterial, helminth or fungal pathogens to track and characterize the APC populations that drive Th responses in vivo. All pathogens are taken up by a population of IRF4+ dermal migratory dendritic cells (migDC2) that similarly upregulate surface co-stimulatory molecules but express pathogen-specific cytokine and chemokine transcripts. Depletion of migDC2 reduces the amount of Ag in lymph node and the development of IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17A responses without gain of other cytokine responses. Ag+ monocytes are an essential source of IL-12 for both innate and adaptive IFNγ production, and inhibit follicular Th cell development. Our results thus suggest that Th cell differentiation does not require specialized APC subsets, but is driven by inducible and pathogen-specific transcriptional programs in Ag+ migDC2 and monocytes.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19463-9

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