Distributed control of motor circuits for backward walking in Drosophila

Kai Feng (), Rajyashree Sen, Ryo Minegishi, Michael Dübbert, Till Bockemühl, Ansgar Büschges and Barry J. Dickson ()
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Kai Feng: University of Queensland
Rajyashree Sen: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive
Ryo Minegishi: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive
Michael Dübbert: University of Cologne
Till Bockemühl: University of Cologne
Ansgar Büschges: University of Cologne
Barry J. Dickson: University of Queensland

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract How do descending inputs from the brain control leg motor circuits to change how an animal walks? Conceptually, descending neurons are thought to function either as command-type neurons, in which a single type of descending neuron exerts a high-level control to elicit a coordinated change in motor output, or through a population coding mechanism, whereby a group of neurons, each with local effects, act in combination to elicit a global motor response. The Drosophila Moonwalker Descending Neurons (MDNs), which alter leg motor circuit dynamics so that the fly walks backwards, exemplify the command-type mechanism. Here, we identify several dozen MDN target neurons within the leg motor circuits, and show that two of them mediate distinct and highly-specific changes in leg muscle activity during backward walking: LBL40 neurons provide the hindleg power stroke during stance phase; LUL130 neurons lift the legs at the end of stance to initiate swing. Through these two effector neurons, MDN directly controls both the stance and swing phases of the backward stepping cycle. These findings suggest that command-type descending neurons can also operate through the distributed control of local motor circuits.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19936-x

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