Nuclear numbers in syncytial muscle fibers promote size but limit the development of larger myonuclear domains

Alyssa A. W. Cramer, Vikram Prasad, Einar Eftestøl, Taejeong Song, Kenth-Arne Hansson, Hannah F. Dugdale, Sakthivel Sadayappan, Julien Ochala, Kristian Gundersen and Douglas P. Millay ()
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Alyssa A. W. Cramer: Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Vikram Prasad: Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Einar Eftestøl: Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Taejeong Song: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Kenth-Arne Hansson: University of Oslo
Hannah F. Dugdale: King’s College London
Sakthivel Sadayappan: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Julien Ochala: King’s College London
Kristian Gundersen: University of Oslo
Douglas P. Millay: Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Mammalian cells exhibit remarkable diversity in cell size, but the factors that regulate establishment and maintenance of these sizes remain poorly understood. This is especially true for skeletal muscle, comprised of syncytial myofibers that each accrue hundreds of nuclei during development. Here, we directly explore the assumed causal relationship between multinucleation and establishment of normal size through titration of myonuclear numbers during mouse neonatal development. Three independent mouse models, where myonuclear numbers were reduced by 75, 55, or 25%, led to the discovery that myonuclei possess a reserve capacity to support larger functional cytoplasmic volumes in developing myofibers. Surprisingly, the results revealed an inverse relationship between nuclei numbers and reserve capacity. We propose that as myonuclear numbers increase, the range of transcriptional return on a per nuclear basis in myofibers diminishes, which accounts for both the absolute reliance developing myofibers have on nuclear accrual to establish size, and the limits of adaptability in adult skeletal muscle.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20058-7

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