Rapid parallel adaptation despite gene flow in silent crickets

Xiao Zhang (), Jack G. Rayner, Mark Blaxter and Nathan W. Bailey ()
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Xiao Zhang: University of St Andrews, St Andrews
Jack G. Rayner: University of St Andrews, St Andrews
Mark Blaxter: Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute
Nathan W. Bailey: University of St Andrews, St Andrews

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Gene flow is predicted to impede parallel adaptation via de novo mutation, because it can introduce pre-existing adaptive alleles from population to population. We test this using Hawaiian crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) in which ‘flatwing’ males that lack sound-producing wing structures recently arose and spread under selection from an acoustically-orienting parasitoid. Morphometric and genetic comparisons identify distinct flatwing phenotypes in populations on three islands, localized to different loci. Nevertheless, we detect strong, recent and ongoing gene flow among the populations. Using genome scans and gene expression analysis we find that parallel evolution of flatwing on different islands is associated with shared genomic hotspots of adaptation that contain the gene doublesex, but the form of selection differs among islands and corresponds to known flatwing demographics in the wild. We thus show how parallel adaptation can occur on contemporary timescales despite gene flow, indicating that it could be less constrained than previously appreciated.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20263-4

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