Stable, high-performance, dendrite-free, seawater-based aqueous batteries

Huajun Tian, Zhao Li, Guangxia Feng, Zhenzhong Yang, David Fox, Maoyu Wang, Hua Zhou, Lei Zhai, Akihiro Kushima, Yingge Du, Zhenxing Feng (), Xiaonan Shan () and Yang Yang ()
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Huajun Tian: NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida
Zhao Li: NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida
Guangxia Feng: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, W306, Engineering Building 2, University of Houston
Zhenzhong Yang: Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
David Fox: NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida
Maoyu Wang: School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University
Hua Zhou: X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Lei Zhai: NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida
Akihiro Kushima: NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida
Yingge Du: Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Zhenxing Feng: School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University
Xiaonan Shan: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, W306, Engineering Building 2, University of Houston
Yang Yang: NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Metal anode instability, including dendrite growth, metal corrosion, and hetero-ions interference, occurring at the electrolyte/electrode interface of aqueous batteries, are among the most critical issues hindering their widespread use in energy storage. Herein, a universal strategy is proposed to overcome the anode instability issues by rationally designing alloyed materials, using Zn-M alloys as model systems (M = Mn and other transition metals). An in-situ optical visualization coupled with finite element analysis is utilized to mimic actual electrochemical environments analogous to the actual aqueous batteries and analyze the complex electrochemical behaviors. The Zn-Mn alloy anodes achieved stability over thousands of cycles even under harsh electrochemical conditions, including testing in seawater-based aqueous electrolytes and using a high current density of 80 mA cm−2. The proposed design strategy and the in-situ visualization protocol for the observation of dendrite growth set up a new milestone in developing durable electrodes for aqueous batteries and beyond.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20334-6

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