The histone H3-lysine 4-methyltransferase Mll4 regulates the development of growth hormone-releasing hormone-producing neurons in the mouse hypothalamus

Christian Huisman, Young A. Kim, Shin Jeon, Bongjin Shin, Jeonghoon Choi, Su Jeong Lim, Sung Min Youn, Younjung Park, Medha K. C., Sangsoo Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Seunghee Lee () and Jae W. Lee ()
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Christian Huisman: Oregon Health and Science University
Young A. Kim: Seoul National University
Shin Jeon: University at Buffalo
Bongjin Shin: University at Buffalo
Jeonghoon Choi: Oregon Health and Science University
Su Jeong Lim: Soongsil University
Sung Min Youn: Soongsil University
Younjung Park: University at Buffalo
Medha K. C.: University at Buffalo
Sangsoo Kim: Soongsil University
Soo-Kyung Lee: University at Buffalo
Seunghee Lee: Seoul National University
Jae W. Lee: University at Buffalo

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract In humans, inactivating mutations in MLL4, which encodes a histone H3-lysine 4-methyltransferase, lead to Kabuki syndrome (KS). While dwarfism is a cardinal feature of KS, the underlying etiology remains unclear. Here we report that Mll4 regulates the development of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-producing neurons in the mouse hypothalamus. Our two Mll4 mutant mouse models exhibit dwarfism phenotype and impairment of the developmental programs for GHRH-neurons. Our ChIP-seq analysis reveals that, in the developing mouse hypothalamus, Mll4 interacts with the transcription factor Nrf1 to trigger the expression of GHRH-neuronal genes. Interestingly, the deficiency of Mll4 results in a marked reduction of histone marks of active transcription, while treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 rescues the histone mark signature and restores GHRH-neuronal production in Mll4 mutant mice. Our results suggest that the developmental dysregulation of Mll4-directed epigenetic control of transcription plays a role in the development of GHRH-neurons and dwarfism phenotype in mice.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20511-7

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