Observation of anti-parity-time-symmetry, phase transitions and exceptional points in an optical fibre

Arik Bergman (), Robert Duggan, Kavita Sharma, Moshe Tur, Avi Zadok () and Andrea Alù ()
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Arik Bergman: Bar-Ilan University
Robert Duggan: City University of New York, New York
Kavita Sharma: Bar-Ilan University
Moshe Tur: Tel-Aviv University
Avi Zadok: Bar-Ilan University
Andrea Alù: City University of New York, New York

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The exotic physics emerging in non-Hermitian systems with balanced distributions of gain and loss has recently drawn a great deal of attention. These systems exhibit phase transitions and exceptional point singularities in their spectra, at which eigen-values and eigen-modes coalesce and the overall dimensionality is reduced. So far, these principles have been implemented at the expense of precise fabrication and tuning requirements, involving tailored nano-structured devices with controlled optical gain and loss. In this work, anti-parity-time symmetric phase transitions and exceptional point singularities are demonstrated in a single strand of single-mode telecommunication fibre, using a setup consisting of off-the-shelf components. Two propagating signals are amplified and coupled through stimulated Brillouin scattering, enabling exquisite control over the interaction-governing non-Hermitian parameters. Singular response to small-scale variations and topological features arising around the exceptional point are experimentally demonstrated with large precision, enabling robustly enhanced response to changes in Brillouin frequency shift.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20797-7

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